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Anarchism and Friedrich Nietzsche
The relation between anarchism and Friedrich Nietzsche has been ambiguous. Even though Nietzsche criticized anarchism〔In ''Beyond Good and Evil'' (6.2:126) he refers to "anarchist dogs"〕 his thought proved influential for many thinkers within what can be characterized as the anarchist movement.〔 As such "There were many things that drew anarchists to Nietzsche: his hatred of the state; his disgust for the mindless social behavior of 'herds'; his anti-Christianity; his distrust of the effect of both the market and the State on cultural production; his desire for an 'übermensch' — that is, for a new human who was to be neither master nor slave."〔(Spencer Sunshine, "Nietzsche and the Anarchists" )〕
== Overview ==
During the last decade of the 19th century, Nietzsche was frequently associated with anarchist movements, in spite of the fact that in his writings he seems to hold a negative view of anarchists.〔 This may be the result of a popular association during this period between his ideas and those of Max Stirner.〔"Nietzsche's possible reading, knowledge, and plagiarism of Max Stirner's The Ego and Its Own (1845) has been a contentious question and frequently discussed for more than a century now." Thomas H. Brobjer, "Philologica: A Possible Solution to the Stirner-Nietzsche Question", in ''The Journal of Nietzsche Studies'' - Issue 25, Spring 2003, pp. 109–114〕〔Bernd A. Laska: (''Nietzsche's initial crisis. New Light on the Stirner/Nietzsche Question'' ) In: Germanic Notes and Reviews, vol. 33, n. 2, fall/Herbst 2002, pp. 109–133 (German orig.)〕
Spencer Sunshine writes "There were many things that drew anarchists to Nietzsche: his hatred of the state; his disgust for the mindless social behavior of 'herds'; his anti-Christianity; his distrust of the effect of both the market and the State on cultural production; his desire for an 'overman' — that is, for a new human who was to be neither master nor slave; his praise of the ecstatic and creative self, with the artist as his prototype, who could say, 'Yes' to the self-creation of a new world on the basis of nothing; and his forwarding of the 'transvaluation of values' as source of change, as opposed to a Marxist conception of class struggle and the dialectic of a linear history."〔
For Sunshine "The list is not limited to culturally-oriented anarchists such as Emma Goldman, who gave dozens of lectures about Nietzsche and baptized him as an honorary anarchist. Pro-Nietzschean anarchists also include prominent Spanish CNT–FAI members in the 1930s such as Salvador Seguí and anarcha-feminist Federica Montseny; anarcho-syndicalist militants like Rudolf Rocker; and even the younger Murray Bookchin, who cited Nietzsche's conception of the 'transvaluation of values' in support of the Spanish anarchist project." Also, in european individualist anarchist circles, his influence is clear in thinker/activists such as Emile Armand〔 and Renzo Novatore〔 among others. Also more recently in post-left anarchy Nietzsche is present in the thought of Albert Camus,〔 Hakim Bey, Michel Onfray, and Wolfi Landstreicher.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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